![]() In Passive transport, the movement of material is along a concentration gradient that proceeds from high concentration to low concentration. If there is the movement of a single molecule then it is called uniport.An example of an antiporter is a sodium-potassium ion pump where both sodium ions and potassium are pumped in two opposite directions.The uptake of glucose molecules in kidneys coupled to the parallel transport of sodium is an example of a symporter If the movement of transport of two molecules is in the same direction it is called symport and if the movement of transport of two molecules is in opposite direction it is called antiport.If two distinct molecules are coupled and then transported, such active transport is called co-transport.Since sodium moves passively is an example of secondary active transport Uptake of glucose molecules in kidneys coupled to the parallel transport of sodium is an example of a symport active transport system. If energy is harnessed by the coupling with the transport of another molecule moving along its electrochemical gradient then such systems are referred to as secondary active transport (Antiport/symport or carrier-mediated). An example of an antiporter is a sodium-potassium ion pump where both sodium ions and potassium are pumped in two opposite directions. Inactive transport systems if energy is harnessed by the direct hydrolysis of ATP then such systems are referred to as primary active transport (e.g.Active transport is an energy-dependent process i.e.Active transport occurs against a concentration gradient (movement from low concentration to high concentration gradient). ![]() The main features of the active transport process are: Primary active transport involves the direct use of metabolic energy to mediate transport. Active transport systems can be primary (direct) active transport or secondary (indirect) active transport. Since in an active transport system there is a movement against the gradient, it requires energy and thus, active transport is an energy-dependent process. ![]() movement of materials from a low concentration gradient to a region of a high concentration gradient. In an active transport system, there is the movement of materials against a concentration gradient i.e. However, selective types of cellular membranes allow the movement of materials that can not freely cross. large and charged molecules can not be transported. Semi-permeable membranes allow transport of only certain materials i.e. We know that some biological/cellular membranes are semi-permeable in nature and some are selective in nature. Active transport: A cell transport system that requires energy to transport through cell membranes is the active transport system.Processes that involve passive transport are diffusion, facilitated diffusion, filtration, osmosis etc. Passive transport: A cell transport system that does not require any energy and proceeds through diffusion is called the passive transport of materials across cell membranes.There are two types of cell to cell transport systems(short distance transport) that are namely: ![]() Transport of materials across a cell membrane may occur in either active or passive movement.
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